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The Brahma Viharas – Suttas, Stories, Practices, Hidden Gems

 

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          Abhidhamma – the third division of the Pāḷi Canon, consisting of a deconstructionist, metaphysical view of the Buddha's doctrine
        abhijānamāno – experientially understand [Ayya Khema's definition of an insight]
        adosa – non-hatred; kindness
        anattā – literally “not-self"; coreless, empty
        anicca – inconstancy, ever-changing, impermanent
        anuddaya – compassion; sympathy; lit. compassion state
        anukampā – care; having compassion (for); taking pity (on); lit. trembling alongside
        anumodanā: fem. rejoicing in the merit (of); appreciating; giving thanks; lit. being happy beside [anu + √mud + *anā]
        anupubbasikkhā – gradual (or graduated) training
        appamatta – diligent (in); vigilant (about); careful (about); attentive (to); heedful
        appāṭihīrakataṁ – adj. groundless; unfounded; unsound; worthless; not very impressive; lit. not made to be carried back [appāṭihīra + kata]
        arahant – A worthy one, meaning fully awakened
        atammayata – non-concocting; non-fashioning; literally: not made of this
        avera – kindness; friendliness; lit. not hatred
        avihiṁsāya – harmlessness
        avijjā – not knowing
        ākiñcaññaṁ – no-thingness
        ākiñcaññāyatana – the Base of Nothingness, aka the 7th Jhāna
        ākiñcaññasambhavaṁ – source of no-thingness
        āsava – intoxicant; also translated as outflow, influx, effluent, canker, taint
        āsā – expectation, hope, wish, longing, desire
        bhava – becoming; existence
        bhavataṇhā – craving for becoming
        brahmavihāro – divine abode, divine abiding, divine dwelling
        citta – heart/mind
        dāna – giving, gift
        dhātu – element, aspect
        dhamma – The Dhamma, doctrine, phenomena, mind objects
        Dhamma – the teaching of the Buddha and also "the way things truly are"
        dukkha – bummer,[*] unsatisfactoriness, stress, suffering
        hiri – moral shame, an innate sense of shame over moral transgression
        jara – decay, decrepitude, old age
        jātiṁ jaraṁ – birth and old age
        jhāna – literally: meditation; one of four (later eight) states of concentration
        jhāyati – to meditate
        kamma, kammaṁ – action; deed
        karuṇā – compassion, kindness
        kathaṅkathāhi – confusion; doubt; questioning; lit. asking how?
        kathāhi – talk; speech; conversation; discussion; argument; debate; lit. talk
        kāya – group, heap, collection, body
        khandha – one of the five aggregates: rūpa, vedanā, saññā, saṅkhārā & viññāṇa
        khantiyā – acceptance
        loka – world
        manas – mind, though sometimes heart
        mettā – loving-kindness, unconditional love
        mogha – useless; pointless; futile; ineffective; unprofitable; vain; stupid; foolish;" lit. empty
        mudita - pp. happy; glad; lit. became soft [√mud + ita]
        muditā – appreciative joy
        muni – wise person
        nandi – delight; pleasure; enjoyment; relish
        na taṁ – not that
        nāma – name
        nāma-rūpa – name-and-form, sometimes translated as “mind-and-body” or “mentality-and-materiality,” especially in the context of dependent origination
        ñāṇa – knowledge
        nibbāna – literally "not burning", i.e., not burning with the fires of greed hate or delusion; the goal of the holy life, the realization that brings an end to dukkha
        nibbuto – verb form of the noun nibbāna
        nidānā – source; foundation
        nivāraṇa – prevention
        nīvaraṇa – hindrance
        ottappa – moral dread, fear of the results of wrongdoing
        paggaha – exertion
        pamāṇakataṁ – limited; lit. made measured
        pamatta – heedless, negligent
        pāmojja – gladness, worldly joy
        paññā – wisdom
        papañca – mental proliferation
        passambhati – calms down; relaxes; becomes quiet; becomes tranquil
        pāra – the other side, the far shore
        pārāyana – going to the far shore
        paroparāni – above and beyond; high and low; superior and inferior
        phassa – contact, sense-contact
        pīti – glee, rapture
        piya – love; friendship; friend; dear one; loved one
        rata – delighted (with); devoted (to); taking pleasure (in); pleased (with); enjoying
        rāja – king
        rūpa – materiality, body
        sabbe – all
        saṃsāra – worldly existence, the infinitely repeating cycles of birth, dukkha, and death
        samādhi – indistractability, concentration
        samphapalapa – gossip or idle chatter; useless speech
        saṅkhāra – concoction, fabrication, fashioned, literally: making together
        saṅkhāya – reflecting; considering; appraising
        saññā – conceptualization, perception, naming, identifying
        sati – mindfulness, remembering to be here now; presence; recollection; awareness; keeping in mind
        sīla – morality, ethical behavior
        sukha – happiness/joy
        sutta – discourse, teaching
        Suttas – the second division of the Pāḷi Canon, consisting of discourses given by the Buddha or his closest disciples
        taṇhā – craving (literally "thirst")
        tathāgata – one arrived at suchness, a fully awakened one
        tatrāvasissati – remains there; is left over there
        tatrāvatiṭṭhatī – lingers there; persists there; remains there; lit. stands down there
        thru – through
        upadhi – assets; foundation; basis; ground; substratum; support; things laid by which one relies on as supports
        upādāna – clinging
        upakkilesā – impurity; imperfection; flaw; blemish; corruption
        upekkhā – equanimity; literally: gaze upon
        vagga – a section or chapter of a canonical book
        vedanā – the initial categorization of a sense input as pleasant, unpleasant or neither unpleasant or pleasant; valence
        vibhavataṇhā – craving for not becoming
        vicāra – examining
        vihara – dwelling
        viññāṇa – consciousness; occasionally it means "mind;" literally "divided knowing"
        vipāka – result of action (kamma, karma)
        virāga – dispassion; literally: “not-colored
        Visuddhimagga – a 5th century CE commentary on the Buddha's teachings
        vitakka – thinking
        yāna – going, proceeding
        yathābhūtañāṇadassana – knowing and seeing things as they are, knowing and seeing what's actually happening

* See the essay "Dukkha is A Bummer" at https://leighb.com/bummer.htm for a detailed exploration of why "bummer" is a good translation of dukkha. [Back]

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